概览：TapeOut 是什么Overview: What is TapeOut

In one line

TapeOut is a protocol on BNB Chain: it turns basic logic gates into tokens — one token stands for one logic gate (NAND or LATCH), which the protocol calls a "transistor". With these tokens anyone can build circuits and processors on-chain, freeze them into on-chain assets, and let them carry websites, compute, even AI. The goal is to push the blockchain from record-keeping toward verifiable production tools.

Why it matters

Traditional chip design and fabrication sit with a few vendors: design files are private, fabs are not auditable, and outsiders can neither take part nor verify. TapeOut flips this — put the smallest components on-chain, let anyone design, tape out and run, with every step publicly checkable.

Where the name comes from: "tape-out"

In the real world, once a chip design is done the layout goes to the fab to be etched into silicon, and after that it cannot change — that step is the tape-out. TapeOut borrows the metaphor, not physical wafer manufacturing: you wire the logic on a canvas, confirm, and the components spent are burned while a permanently fixed circuit is created on-chain. No silicon, no factory — all data and contracts on-chain.

The basic model: two components

The protocol reduces computation to two components, with one token per component:

• NAND gate: handles "compute". Two boolean inputs; the output is the negation of their AND. In theory any combinational logic can be built from NAND gates.
• LATCH: handles "memory". Holds one bit of state, updated by the on-chain clock, giving a circuit its basic memory.

Both are minted as ERC-1155 "transistors". A tapeout consumes and burns these tokens per the netlist and mints an ERC-721 circuit NFT. The NFT itself is a static netlist: execution depends on the protocol's on-chain evaluator, with latch state advancing as blocks are produced.

Three layers

1. Transistor: the raw material. Mintable, tradable, burned at tapeout.
2. Circuit: the permanent logic module you get after wiring transistors and taping out. Callable, transferable, and usable as a mining "rig".
3. Processor: the on-chain factory. Each processor has its own component supply and circuit ecosystem; the officially certified ones are Behemoth and TapeOut. Anyone can create a processor and set the total transistor supply and mint price, both fixed once on-chain.

Official processors: from canvas to mining rig

On the canvas you drag NAND and LATCH and wire them in the browser, and simulation is free. Pressing Tape Out (after picking a processor such as Behemoth or TapeOut) is the on-chain step: components are burned and a circuit NFT is minted — the transaction is irreversible.

A circuit can then claim public tasks, and the contract spot-checks inputs and outputs with test vectors; once it passes, it can register as a miner and join PoD (proof of design) mining. Community material separates four things: building a circuit, solving and verifying a task, mining, and using a commitment to protect an original design — they are not one step.

PoD does not reward generic hashpower but design effort and design quality. The public description has at least two layers: one records the NAND and LATCH truly burned in that layer (the cost basis), the other looks at whether a design on the same task is correct and more compact. The reward token is BEM; formulas and emission rules are in the "$BEM & Mining" chapter.

Community processors

On a processor you create yourself the flow matches the official ones: mint or buy that machine's NAND / LATCH, wire and simulate on the canvas, burn components at tapeout, and mint circuit NFTs that belong only to that processor. Each processor numbers its circuits from 1 on its own.

Those circuits can be:

• held and transferred, bought and sold on markets that support the processor;
• executed by the on-chain evaluator per the netlist, exposed as callable logic modules;
• given an ERC-6551 container to host DeWEB sites, messages or other container services — a TapeKit tape:// address does not distinguish official from community machines;
• referenced (REF) by other circuits within pin and other limits, as reusable modules.

Community members have already turned this into "IP cores". For example, a Keccak-256 circuit on TapeOut Club claims to reproduce keccak256(""), ERC-20 selectors and BSC block hashes on-chain, alongside referenceable circuits such as ALU64, ERC-20 and an EVM stack. What such things offer is composable logic, not BEM hashpower. Third-party sites sometimes tag things "official community certified / feral" — that is the site's own label, not protocol state.

A creator can also run that machine's component economy: set supply and mint price, collect mint revenue, and supply the machine's transistors and circuits on the secondary market. Names can chase hype, but the protocol keeps no names — the contract address is what counts.

The block is the clock

BNB Chain produces a block roughly every 0.45 seconds, advancing the on-chain processor one tick — about 2.22 Hz, which the manifesto jokes is "the slowest CPU in the universe". As long as blocks keep coming, circuits stay online: anyone can call them for free, read-only, with no transaction and no cost.

Tapeout, containers and DeWEB

• Tapeout: submit a finished design on-chain and freeze it into a circuit NFT; this step consumes components.
• Circuit container: an ERC-6551 account attached to a circuit, able to hold assets and send transactions.
• DeWEB: websites, messages and other services built on circuit containers. Bind a site to a container via SiteRegistry, publish it through HashPort, and the site lives on-chain.
• Addressing: circuits are the base asset; containers and endpoints are accounts such as 8.888 or #4246@0; the wallet only proves ownership and pays gas. The TapeKit spec describes access that bypasses the project's DNS gateway by reading the chain directly from the client, with addresses like tape://4246.0.tape/index.html (circuit number + processor number + .tape).

$BEM and protocol status

BEM is the ERC-20 reward asset of PoD — not a transistor, not a circuit. It launched on BNB Chain on 2026-08-21 with a 21,000,000 cap, issued by the mining contract; the halving period is about 126 million seconds (~4 years), with the first halving around 2030-08-19.

On 2026-09-14 the PodMining contract was sealed: the owner was removed, so mining rules can no longer be changed by an admin key. Around 2026-10-04 the new site went live, adding 1:1 lock-and-mint BEM bridging between BNB Chain and X Layer, with messages relayed by LayerZero.

Standards: TAP

Protocol standards are recorded as TAP (TapeOut Protocol Proposals), following Ethereum's EIP-1 process, released under CC0 into the public domain, with the repository at TapeOutProtocol/TAPs. Merged drafts visible as of writing include:

• TAP-01: the proposal process;
• TAP-02: circuit netlist format and evaluation semantics;
• TAP-10: DeWEB access and messaging layer;
• TAP-11 to TAP-13: application conventions for service listings, holder delegation, and sealed commitments and signed responses.

Glossary