官方科普：NAND 为通用门，LATCH 实现时序逻辑TapeOut Explainers: NAND as a Universal Gate, LATCH for Sequential Logic

When you connect one gate's output to another gate's input on the canvas, what you're doing is simple On Chain, it's just a pointer assignment A record that says "this input connects to that output" A Circuit is just a lot of records like that

A transistor in TapeOut is one NAND gate, taking up 7 bytes Every one is identical, so it's fungible, using ERC-1155 The Circuits built from them are all different, so each Circuit is an NFT Materials are interchangeable, each piece of work is its own

Nobody can speed up TapeOut's clock Every BNB Chain block, the Circuits tick once Blocks are produced by validators together Nobody can make it go faster on their own A bit slow is fine, it's the same for everyone

TapeOut gives you only one kind of logic gate, NAND, and it's enough NOT, wire the same signal into both inputs of a NAND, 1 gate AND, a NAND followed by a NOT, 2 gates OR, invert each input first, then feed them into a NAND, 3 gates That's why NAND is called a universal gate, every piece of combi

A circuit built only from NAND looks at nothing but the current input, that's combinational logic A LATCH holds 1 bit and updates once per tick Wire it into a circuit, and the output depends not just on now but on the state saved from the last tick That's sequential logic Counters, registers, proc